Adolescent Acne
Acne affects around 17 million people in the United States, making it one of the most common issues faced by teenagers. This disorder involves hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which produce sebum or oil. When the glands become overactive due to androgens, acne can occur. Sebum can become blocked by skin cells, causing hair follicles to be blocked and leading to the formation of Propionibacterium Acnes bacteria. This can result in the development of pimples and cysts.
Acne can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormone changes during puberty, certain medications, excess oil in the scalp, and genetic factors. Squeezing or scrubbing pimples too hard can worsen the problem.
Acne can appear anywhere on the body, but is most common on the face, chest, shoulders, neck, and upper back. Symptoms include blackheads, whiteheads, lesions filled with pus, and nodules. A doctor should be consulted if there is confusion about whether or not symptoms are due to acne or another skin condition.
Various treatments are available to reduce scarring and improve the appearance of acne. Topical and systemic drug therapies are the two primary types of treatment. Topical medication, such as Benzoyl Peroxide, antibiotics, Tretinoin, and Adapalene, can be used to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation. Systemic drug therapies involve prescription antibiotics, such as Doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline, and in severe cases, Isotretinoin. However, Isotretinoin has serious side-effects and should only be used under a doctor's supervision. The type of treatment used depends on the extent of the acne, age, medical history, and the patient's preferences.
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